PEPTIDEREPORT

Source registry

Tracked sources

The source registry keeps citation metadata separate from page copy so claims can be audited and refreshed.

Warning Letter: Gram Peptides

U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary regulatory · 2026-03-31 · accessed 2026-06-30

FDA warning letter discussing peptide products marketed online and the limits of research-use-only positioning.

Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial

New England Journal of Medicine · Peer reviewed · 2023-06-26 · accessed 2026-07-01

Phase 2 randomized trial of retatrutide (LY3437943), a triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonist, showing dose-dependent weight loss up to 17.5% at 48 weeks in adults with obesity.

TRIUMPH Phase 3 Trial Program for Retatrutide — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2023-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry entry for the TRIUMPH Phase 3 trial program evaluating retatrutide for obesity, sponsored by Eli Lilly. Retatrutide is not FDA-approved for any indication.

Dr. Explains Why Retatrutide is KING of Fat Loss Peptides

YouTube — This Is Not Covered - Dr. Ashley Froese · Community discussion · 2026-03-05 · accessed 2026-07-01

High-view (600K+ views) YouTube explainer using strong outcome language about retatrutide for fat loss. Tracked as a media signal for high-attention claims.

Egrifta (tesamorelin) — FDA Drug Label

U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary regulatory · 2010-06-18 · accessed 2026-07-01

FDA-approved drug label for Egrifta (tesamorelin for injection), indicated for the reduction of excess visceral abdominal fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. The only GHRH/GHS-class peptide with FDA approval.

Tesamorelin Clinical Trial Registry Entries — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2010-01-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry entries for tesamorelin clinical trials, including the pivotal Phase 3 trials for HIV-associated lipodystrophy that supported FDA approval of Egrifta.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of CJC-1295, a Long-Acting GHRH Analog

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (PubMed) · Peer reviewed · 2006-05-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Teichman et al. (2006) pharmacokinetic study (PMID 16569233) showing that CJC-1295 increased GH and IGF-1 levels in healthy subjects for up to 6 days after a single dose. The primary published human data for CJC-1295.

Ipamorelin, the First Selective Growth Hormone Secretagogue — Pharmacology

European Journal of Endocrinology (PubMed) · Peer reviewed · 1998-12-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Raun et al. (1998) original pharmacology publication (PMID 9860070) describing ipamorelin as a pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue with selectivity for GH release over cortisol and prolactin in animal models.

Oral Ghrelin Mimetic MK-677 Stimulates Pulsatile GH Secretion

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (PubMed) · Peer reviewed · 2000-02-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Svensson et al. (2000) study (PMID 10674575) demonstrating that oral MK-677 replicated the pulsatile GH profile seen with IV secretagogues in healthy older adults, with sustained IGF-1 increases over 4 weeks.

A 12-Month Study of the GH-Releasing Compound MK-677 in Hip Fracture Recovery

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (PubMed) · Peer reviewed · 2002-03-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Bach et al. (2002) 12-month Phase 2 trial (PMID 12004295) showing MK-677 improved functional status in elderly patients with hip fracture. Despite positive pharmacodynamic data, Merck did not advance MK-677 to FDA approval.

MK-677 Hip Fracture Recovery Trial — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2009-11-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry entry (NCT01016781) for the MK-677 hip fracture recovery trial sponsored by Merck. MK-677 is not FDA-approved for any indication.

Sermorelin (Geref) for Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency

PubMed — National Library of Medicine · Peer reviewed · 1997-01-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

PubMed index of clinical literature on sermorelin (Geref) for diagnostic testing of growth hormone deficiency in pediatric patients. Sermorelin was formerly FDA-approved as Geref; the brand product has been discontinued by the manufacturer.

Rapamune (sirolimus) Label Information

U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary regulatory · 2023-09-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

FDA-approved prescribing label for Rapamune (sirolimus), indicated for prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney transplant patients and for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

NCA 2023 Poster Abstract: Rapamycin Use in an Aging Human Population

National Council on Aging (NCA) / scientific conference · Community discussion · 2023-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Survey-based study reporting that a cohort of adults self-administering low-dose rapamycin for longevity showed self-reported tolerability, generating significant biohacking community interest.

mTOR inhibition improves immune function in the elderly

Science Translational Medicine · Peer reviewed · 2014-12-24 · accessed 2026-07-01

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Mannick et al.) showing that low-dose rapamycin analog (everolimus) improved immune response to influenza vaccine in older adults, providing early human translational evidence.

Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity (discusses rapamycin)

Harmony / Penguin Random House (Peter Attia, MD) · Community discussion · 2023-03-28 · accessed 2026-07-01

Bestselling longevity book by Peter Attia, MD, which discusses rapamycin as a candidate longevity therapeutic while noting the gap between mouse data and human clinical evidence.

Blueprint by Bryan Johnson — longevity protocol

Blueprint by Bryan Johnson · Community discussion · 2024-01-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Bryan Johnson's public Blueprint longevity program, which has discussed and at times included rapamycin. Tracked as a high-attention consumer signal.

GLUCOPHAGE (metformin hydrochloride) Label Information

U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary regulatory · 2017-01-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

FDA-approved prescribing label for Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride), indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2015-05-04 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry entry for the TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial, a multi-center study investigating whether metformin can delay the onset of age-related diseases in non-diabetic adults.

Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging (TAME concept article)

Cell Metabolism / Elsevier · Peer reviewed · 2016-09-13 · accessed 2026-07-01

Nir Barzilai and colleagues outline the scientific rationale and design of the TAME trial, arguing that metformin's AMPK-activating, insulin-sensitizing effects make it a candidate to target aging biology.

Metformin and aging: A clinical review

Aging and Disease / Metabolism reviews · Peer reviewed · 2021-01-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Clinical review summarizing metformin's proposed mechanisms (AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, insulin sensitization) and the evidence base for and against its use as a geroprotective agent.

NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease (review)

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences / Cell Press · Peer reviewed · 2010-04-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Foundational review (Imai & Guarente) describing how NAD+ links metabolism to sirtuin activity, and proposing NAD+ decline as a driver of aging biology.

NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration

Science / AAAS · Peer reviewed · 2016-01-22 · accessed 2026-07-01

High-profile review (Verdin et al., including David Sinclair as a co-author) describing the decline of NAD+ with age and the rationale for supplementation with precursors (NR, NMN).

FDA GRAS Notice No. 733 — Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary regulatory · 2016-07-11 · accessed 2026-07-01

FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) notice response for nicotinamide riboside (NR) chloride, the ingredient in Tru Niagen, supporting its use as a dietary supplement ingredient.

FDA response to NMN DSHEA exclusion question

U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary regulatory · 2022-11-02 · accessed 2026-07-01

FDA determination that NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is excluded from the dietary supplement definition under DSHEA because it was first authorized for investigation as a new drug. This triggered marketplace disruption for NMN supplements.

ClinicalTrials.gov search — Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) human trials

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov search showing registered interventional trials of NMN in human subjects, including studies of NAD+ biomarkers, insulin sensitivity, and physical function in older adults.

Thymosin Alpha-1 Clinical Trial Registry Entries — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry search showing 100+ interventional studies of thymosin alpha-1 across infectious disease, oncology, and immune support contexts, including COVID-19 trials.

Immune Modulation with Thymosin Alpha 1

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology (PubMed) · Peer reviewed · 2016-05-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

King R, Tuthill C (2016) comprehensive review (PMID 26653168) of thymosin alpha-1's immune-modulating mechanism, clinical development history, and therapeutic applications including hepatitis, oncology, and sepsis.

Zadaxin (thymosin alpha-1) Product Information

SciClone Pharmaceuticals · Primary regulatory · 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

SciClone Pharmaceuticals product information for Zadaxin (thymosin alpha-1), approved in over 30 countries for chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and immune adjuvant use. Not FDA-approved in the United States.

Little Peptide, Big Effects: Defining New Roles for LL-37 in Autoimmunity

Journal of Immunology (PubMed) · Peer reviewed · 2013-08-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ (2013) review (PMID 23836012) of LL-37's dual role in innate immunity and autoimmunity, describing both protective antimicrobial effects and pro-inflammatory potential in autoimmune disease.

LL-37 Clinical Trial Registry Entries — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry search for interventional studies involving LL-37/cathelicidin, showing limited clinical trial activity. LL-37 is not FDA-approved for any indication.

AOD-9604 Clinical Trial Registry Entries — ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov / U.S. National Library of Medicine · Primary regulatory · 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-07-01

ClinicalTrials.gov registry search for AOD-9604 clinical trials, including the Phase 2 obesity program by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals that failed to meet primary weight loss endpoints. AOD-9604 is not FDA-approved.